VM 105's noVNC console doesn't accept paste. Use SSH from the Proxmox web shell instead — it pastes cleanly.

ssh tct_linuxserver@192.168.0.20

Wipes any prior Apache, NGINX, MariaDB, or PHP installs so we start from zero. If nothing was installed before, this still runs cleanly.

sudo systemctl stop apache2 nginx mariadb 2>/dev/null
sudo apt purge -y 'apache2*' 'nginx*' 'mariadb-*' 'php*' libapache2-mod-php
sudo apt autoremove --purge -y
sudo rm -rf /etc/apache2 /etc/nginx /etc/mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/www/html /var/www/lamp
sudo apt update

apt list --installed 2>/dev/null | grep -E "(apache|nginx|php|mariadb)"

Output should be empty (no matching packages installed).

One database backend serves both stacks.

sudo apt install -y mariadb-server mariadb-client
sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb
sudo systemctl status mariadb --no-pager | head -5

sudo mysql_secure_installation

sudo mariadb <<'EOF'
CREATE DATABASE capstone_db;
CREATE USER 'capuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'CapstonePass2026!';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON capstone_db.* TO 'capuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
SHOW DATABASES;
EOF

Distinct welcome pages + identical DB-test pages, so you can demo "same database, different web servers".

sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html > /dev/null <<'EOF'






NGINX (port 80) — the LEMP stack.
Capstone — LEMP Stack
NGINX + PHP-FPM + MariaDB on Ubuntu Server 26.04 · 192.168.0.20
Test pages

  
PHP info (via PHP-FPM)
  
DB connection test

Sister stack: LAMP on port 8080 →


EOF

sudo tee /var/www/html/dbtest.php > /dev/null <<'EOF'
connect_error) { die("❌ " . $mysqli->connect_error); }
echo "
✅ LEMP — connected via PHP-FPM
";
echo "
MariaDB version: " . $mysqli->server_info . "
";
echo "
Web server: " . $_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE'] . "
";
echo "
Port: " . $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'] . "
";
$mysqli->close();
?>
EOF

sudo tee /var/www/lamp/index.html > /dev/null <<'EOF'






Apache (port 8080) — the LAMP stack.
Capstone — LAMP Stack
Apache 2 + mod_php + MariaDB on Ubuntu Server 26.04 · 192.168.0.20:8080
Test pages

  
PHP info (via mod_php)
  
DB connection test

Sister stack: LEMP on port 80 →


EOF

echo "" | sudo tee /var/www/lamp/info.php > /dev/null

sudo tee /var/www/lamp/dbtest.php > /dev/null <<'EOF'
connect_error) { die("❌ " . $mysqli->connect_error); }
echo "
✅ LAMP — connected via mod_php
";
echo "
MariaDB version: " . $mysqli->server_info . "
";
echo "
Web server: " . $_SERVER['SERVER_SOFTWARE'] . "
";
echo "
Port: " . $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'] . "
";
$mysqli->close();
?>
EOF

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/lamp /var/www/html

MariaDB stays bound to localhost — no rule for port 3306. Production-shaped.

sudo ufw default deny incoming
sudo ufw default allow outgoing
sudo ufw allow 22/tcp comment "SSH"
sudo ufw allow 80/tcp comment "HTTP NGINX (LEMP)"
sudo ufw allow 8080/tcp comment "HTTP Apache (LAMP)"
sudo ufw allow 443/tcp comment "HTTPS (future)"
sudo ufw --force enable
sudo ufw status verbose

Run this single block. The output is your evidence-of-build for the lab report.

echo "=== LAMP + LEMP COEXISTENCE on VM 105 ==="
echo
echo "--- Hostname / OS ---"
hostnamectl | head -3
echo
echo "--- NGINX (LEMP, port 80) ---"
systemctl is-active nginx
nginx -v 2>&1
curl -sI http://localhost/ | head -2
echo
echo "--- Apache (LAMP, port 8080) ---"
systemctl is-active apache2
apache2 -v | head -1
curl -sI http://localhost:8080/ | head -2
echo
echo "--- MariaDB (shared) ---"
systemctl is-active mariadb
mariadb -V
echo
echo "--- PHP ---"
php -v | head -1
echo "PHP-FPM (LEMP):  $(systemctl is-active php*-fpm)"
echo "mod_php (LAMP):  $(apache2ctl -M 2>/dev/null | grep -c php_module) modules loaded"
echo
echo "--- Listening ports ---"
sudo ss -tlnp | grep -E ':(80|8080|3306) '
echo
echo "--- UFW ---"
sudo ufw status verbose | head -10

Prove the stacks are reachable from your other VMs. Pick whichever method matches the VM you're on.

From WinSrv (Edge browser)

From jumpbox SSH session

curl -s http://192.168.0.20/ | head -10
echo "---"
curl -s http://192.168.0.20:8080/ | head -10

From your Mac (via SSH tunnel)

From Mac Terminal:

ssh -L 8000:192.168.0.20:80 -L 8081:192.168.0.20:8080 root@10.10.10.10

Leave that open. In Safari, browse:

info.php leaks PHP version + module list. Remove before the lab demo. Keep dbtest.php (no secrets exposed).

sudo rm /var/www/html/info.php /var/www/lamp/info.php

✅ When all phases are complete

• LinuxServer (VM 105) running both stacks side-by-side
• NGINX + PHP-FPM on :80 → green-banner LEMP welcome
• Apache + mod_php on :8080 → orange-banner LAMP welcome
• Both stacks query the same capstone_db in MariaDB
• UFW configured · ss -tlnp shows nginx:80, apache2:8080, mariadb:3306
• Distinct test pages prove PHP and DB work on each stack independently

Lab-report talking points

1. Same protocol, different implementations. Both serve HTTP/1.1; architecturally distinct (mod_php = embedded interpreter; PHP-FPM = separate process pool over Unix socket).
2. Port multiplexing. Single IP, multiple services on different ports — standard sysadmin concept.
3. Shared backing store. Both stacks query the same MariaDB. Demonstrates the "database is the source of truth" pattern.
4. Resource trade-offs. Apache spawns processes per request; PHP-FPM has a tunable pool. Apache uses more RAM under load; NGINX handles more connections per MB.
5. Production reality. Most companies run NGINX in front of Apache (reverse proxy) to combine their strengths.